These constitute an institution which lies at the
heart of the British establishment. The first school was Winchester
College, set up by William of Wykeham in 1382. Eton College followed somewhat later. They were greatly
expanded in the nineteenth century, when they were substantially changed. With
the advent of a massive Empire, they were transformed to train and “anglify”
the colonial administration. Perfecting techniques used by the Janissaries, the
off-spring of colonial officers, civil and military, were uprooted from their
place of birth, educated in the mother country and then recycled to run another
part of the Empire, providing a waft and weave to the colonial structure.
With the collapse of the Empire in the 1950s and 1960s, there was an over
production of this middle-class strata, who in many ways were unfitted to
domestic life in England. Many succumbed to drug addiction and fuelled the
so-called Hippy [or “Hippie”] movement in England. Essentially degenerate, in
that their “socially useful” role had disappeared, those which did not
completely decompose allowed the ruling class to have a hand in the
counter-culture which was developing at the time. Thus it could be led onto safe
terrain where the contestation of class power was dissipated in “lifestylism”.
Currently the have modernised themselves, some even establishing on site mosques
so they can more succesfully attract the offspring of the ruling class in the
middle east generally they have abandoned the outmoded crustiness which
permeated the upper classes from the 1930s through to the 1970s, and along with
Oxbridge constitute a cultural asset offered by the English ruling class to the
recomposition of a homogenous world ruling class.
B)
Public school, general (Wikipedia)
The
term public school has different
meanings:
- In
Scotland,
Australia,
New
Zealand, the United
States, and most other English-speaking
nations, a public school is a school which is financed and run by the
government and does not charge tuition
fees. This is in contrast to a private
school (also known as an "independent school." Here the word
"public" is used in the sense of "public
library," provided to the public at public expense. In Australia
and Scotland, public schools are also known as state
schools, the name by which they go in England, Wales, and Northern
Ireland.
- In
England
and Wales, as well as in Northern
Ireland, many independent
schools used to describe themselves as "public schools."
Until 1902,
there were no publicly-supported secondary
schools in England. Public schools were schools supported by an
endowment, with a governing body, available to all members of the public,
provided that they could pay for tuition costs. Private schools were run
for private profit. In recent years all schools formally called "public
schools" now refer to themselves as independent schools, but
the national press and many others still use the term "public school"
when referring to "independent schools," in particular the older,
more prestigious fee-paying schools such as those mentioned in the Public
Schools Act 1868: Charterhouse,
Eton,
Harrow,
Rugby,
Shrewsbury,
Westminster,
Winchester,
Merchant
Taylors' and St.
Paul's.
- In
India, due
to the British influence between 1700–1947, the term "public
schools" implies non-governmental, historically-elite educational
institutions.
- In
the United
States, institutions of higher
education that are subsidized by U.S.
states are also referred to as "public." unlike public
secondary schools, tuitions are charged for public
universities, though they are usually much lower than tuitions at private
universities.
- In
some countries like Brazil
and Mexico,
the adjective "public" is used to denote education institutions
owned by the federal, state, or city governments. They never charge
tuition. Public schools exist in all levels of education, from the very
beginning until post-graduation studies.
- In
Ontario,
Canada,
"public school" refers specifically to provincially-run elementary
schools that are not part of the provincially-funded Catholic
separate
school system.
See
also:
C) Public school (UK)
[From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. ]
A public school, in common British
and Irish
usage, is a school
that charges fees and is financed by bodies other than the state, commonly as a
private charitable trust. (For the US usage of the term, see public
school.)
Whether the term public
school can be applied to all of the several thousand independent
schools in the UK is a matter for debate. Whilst some schools openly declare
themselves to be public schools, (possibly to attract foreign students), others
prefer to be called independent schools.
The term 'public' (first adopted by Eton) refers to the
fact that the school is open to the paying public, as opposed to, for example, a
religious school open only to those part of a certain church, or private
education at home (usually only practical for the very wealthy who could afford
tutors).
Prior to the Clarendon
Commission, a Royal
Commission that investigated the public school system in England
between 1861 and 1864,
there was no clear definition of a public school. The commission investigated
nine of the more established schools; the day schools (St Paul's and the
Merchant Taylors') and seven boarding schools (Charterhouse, Eton, Harrow,
Rugby, Shrewsbury, Westminster and Winchester). A report published by the
commission formed the basis of the 1868
Public Schools Act.
PUBLIC
SCHHOL (1): "Traditional values"
(500pix).jpg)
PUBLIC
SCHOOL (2): "The oldschool tie (1)"
(NEW)(500pix).jpg)
PUBLIC
SCHOOL (3): "The old school tie (2)"
NEW)(500pix).jpg)
PUBLIC
SCHOOL (4): "St. Gilbert's"
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